Lime production is one of the sources of anthropogenic CO2 emissions resulting in global warming and ocean acidification. Lime is used in a wide variety of applications: metals industry, construction materials sector, civil engineering, environmental protection, agriculture, and chemical industry. Controlled reaction with water is used to manufacture hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2) products. Lime is a product derived from the thermal decomposition of limestone (mainly calcium carbonate, CaCO3) into quicklime (CaO) and carbon dioxide (CO2), also called calcination. Also, periodic characterization allows to assess the durability of hempcrete and to select the best formulation according to the designed application and the corresponding service conditions. The investigation of the carbonation reaction degree is also crucial to evaluate the environmental performances of the material because it allows the quantification of the carbon dioxide uptake. Moreover, the evolution of carbonation is studied analyzing samples at different maturation times. This study consists in the characterization of the material through techniques such as XRD (X-ray Diffractometry), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and TG-DTG (thermogravimetric analyses). The aim of this research is to investigate how carbonation influences the microstructure of hempcrete when different recipes are used for blocks production. The strength of hempcrete develops through carbonation of the binder that, leading to the formation of calcium or magnesium carbonates and mineralization of shives, determines the microstructure and hence most of the characteristic properties of the material. This paper focusses on hempcrete which is produced mixing the by-product of industrial hemp cultivation (i.e., shives) and lime to obtain a sustainable, breathable and insulating material. Among these materials, an outstanding category is that of nature-based solutions which are produced recovering waste or by-products of agricultural cultivations and using them as vegetal aggregates to replace the traditional ones. Sustainable building materials have been developed to reduce the polluting emissions and the exploitation of natural resources of the building sector. The findings and tools can enable the building industry and governmental bodies to accelerate the uptake and implementation of the 2030 Agenda in the built environment. It expands sustainable building approaches and redefines them as a critical practice for development. This thesis contributes to the theory and practice of environmental design within the meta-field of architecture. While some examples of sustainability innovations emerge, the analysis reveals several gaps and limitations. Finally, the thesis examines the coverage, integration and design vision of Canada's most awarded green buildings to the SDGs' topics. The thesis also generates and tests mapping tools and frameworks for critically integrating the SDGs in building projects and analyzing their design approaches. The research produces a theoretical framework for distinguishing between the critical and status-quo sustainable design approaches in buildings. Alternatively, and to move beyond the current impasse, the research proposes adopting more complex and value-added analytical instruments that could maintain plurarily and accept opposites' co-existence. Furthermore, the current trends in sustainable real estate point to the broadening of concerns - making our current understanding and practice of sustainability in buildings practically ineffective. It exposes that the existing body of work is fragmented across different paradigms, showing that the prevailing approaches fail to account for the topic's pluralistic nature and exposing the misalignment between the current building practices and tools and the SDGs' transformative vision on the practical and theoretical levels. The thesis examines the current sustainable real estate and building design approaches and academic debates, analyzing how the prevailing design analysis and assessment frameworks address the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study adopts the UN 2030 Agenda as a comprehensive and unifying framework for sustainable development, presenting an opportunity for systemic change towards a sustainable future. Beyond environmental credentials, the study aims to correct this epistemological contradiction by reintegrating sustainable building practices within the broader scope of sustainable development. On the other hand, sustainable development requires simultaneous consideration of human and natural systems' needs. Today's definition of sustainable buildings is primarily linked to their environmental performance and hedged on context-free and efficiency-driven standards, certifications, and recognitions.
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